Case Analysis of Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case Analysis of Starbucks - Research Paper Example The company’s the executives acted instantly, under the authorities of the CEO Schultz, to determine interior shortcomings and to adjust to the changing outside market condition to guarantee the endurance of the association in this industry. The endurance of the organization in extreme market condition can be related with the capacity of the pioneer to cooperate with the organization to fulfill all the investors of the association. This exposition presents an examination of the Starbucks Corporation and the fundamental procedures that the organization has conveyed to win the espresso advertise. To begin with, the paper will introduce the foundation of the organization, covering its condition, the business and the significant players in the espresso business. Next will be a basic investigation of the company’s techniques and the different developing economic situations that supports the authoritative exhibition. This will give a decent ground to give elective methodologies that Starbucks would have used to help its advancement methodology. Starbucks is an organization that began in 1987 in Seattle, Washington by Baldwin, Siegel and Bowker. The organization began with nine stores in the household showcase, and the fundamental items incorporate entire beans and espresso items. Schultz turned into the CEO of Starbucks in 1987, in the wake of getting the organization and accepting a greater part vote from the organization executives. During this stage organization wandered in the local market and Schultz helped the organization to concentrate on the client esteem model. This left Starbucks as a predominant market partner in the showcasing procedure. The organization opened more stores in US to exploit the developing interest of espresso in the household showcase (Buchanan and Simmons 517). The companys vision was to fulfill the clients through interesting espresso items that they had not tasted previously. The organization concentrated on expanding its items when after a long discussion they presented the non-fat

Impact of WTO membership on China’s Agriculture Sector Essay

Albeit productive for segments like money and banking, China’s WTO part has not end up being that much rewarding for the agribusiness division of China since it gives the two chances and dangers to the country’s economy. At one hand, China’s diminishing taxes of agrarian fares pulled in worldwide market along these lines causing an impressive blast in the year 2004 in which China’s farming fares raised to $17. 3 billion. At the other hand, because of organized commerce China faces a significant danger as far as the opposition for residential grains like corn and soybeans with the imported grains of better quality in this manner grabbing the job of numerous ranchers and individuals identified with the horticulture segment. For the very explanation, China has not opened its market of horticultural items as much as it has for the fabricated merchandise. Another purpose for a non confined import of agrarian products is that such a stage for China’s benefit would have prompted an exchange shortfall. Remembering China’s developing populace, China’s import would have supplanted its fare in the event of non-protectionism. Additionally, China faces a danger of enduring misfortunes in light of the fact that such items are handily contaminated and such a situation can not just leave a scar for China’s developing universal notoriety yet can likewise cause a significant set back to the Chinese exporters. Effect of China’s enrollment of WTO on China’s Manufacturing Industry: The assembling business of China speaks to one of the significant victories relating to the participation of WTO. In view of the less expensive costs of China made merchandise in the universal market, the interest of these items is ever expanding. In the event of assembling of cars, China has been exceeding expectations since 1975 yet the significant blast after its participation of WTO demonstrating a creation rate increment of 41. 3 percent in a solitary year when its creation number raised to 3. 25 million in the year 2002. Today, the China’s car industry remains among the world’s top car monsters. On account of China’s Telecommunication Industry with China having entered second era of versatile correspondences hardware, china has propelled its reproduction cell phone. Curiously comparable in appearance to the great marked PDAs, china made copy cell phones are less expensive enough to fulfill various clients over the globe. Effect of WTO enrollment on China’s International notoriety: Having talked about the effect of WTO participation on China’s economy, what stays worth referencing is a progression of changes for different divisions of the nation. The effect of globalization isn't simply limited to the monetary benefits yet has likewise left a solid picture of China along these lines quieting endlessly the odds of some other world war in future. For the expert globalists, globalization has opened new skylines for China to connect with the world. This has brought about an ascendance of China’s items over the world. The multiplication of China made great over the world are wide to such an extent that it has left U. S. with a ‘China Street’ in the New York City and Pakistan with a ‘China Market’ in the country’s capital. Both these business sectors are curiously implied for the selling of China made products that are a lot less expensive when contrasted with those made by different nations. It is the aftereffect of internationalization that China has penetrated into each side of the worldwide network by pulling in the clients with its less expensive costs. In any case, the opposite side of the coin propose in opposition to the positive side WTO enrollment on China’s universal notoriety. The exclusion of exchange hindrances empowers the progression of contaminations and maladies through items starting with one spot then onto the next. SARS remains as one such model that had left numerous individuals at the skirt of death. It was in initial hardly any months of the year 2003 that denoted the flare-up of SARS. â€Å"Originating in southern China in late 2002 (or prior by certain records), the pandemic immediately tainted in excess of 8,000 individuals in 30 or more nations, causing about 800 passings inside a half year. When the malady was at long last managed, Beijing’s beginning misusing of the emergency, just as the SARS scourge itself, had negatively affected China’s economy and its global notoriety. † Impact of WTO participation on China’s Legal System: Gregory C. Chow in his article ‘The effect of joining WTO on China’s financial, legitimate and political institutions’ proposes that the WTO participation of China has brought about monetary blast as well as got an improvement the lawful arrangement of the nation. He lays his supposition on the way that by WTO enrollment China is managing various worldwide firms. The presentation of outside laws would decidedly influence China to clear its approach to lawful modernization. Likewise, it is in the glorifying period of globalization that China has sanctioned numerous business laws that include the laws relating to chapter 11 and corporate conduct. It is an immediate consequence of this reality that the quantity of Chinese legitimate work force keep on expanding. With WTO participation, this move towards globalization is additionally encouraged along these lines proposing a further enhancement of China’s legitimate framework. Effect of China’s participation of WTO on different countries: Of the considerable number of end products of China’s entrance into the World Trade Organization, the worldwide rivalry overrides giving both the hopeful and negative ramifications for the world. At one hand the expanding serious has set off a rush of dread for some littler economies by hauling them at the skirt of financial disaster. At the other hand, a similar seriousness has encouraged the creation of top notch items and imaginative innovations utilized by the contenders. China’s increase to WTO requested a decrease in China’s duties on products. These tax boundaries were utilized by China as a strategy of financial protectionism so as to prosper the household business that may have confronted overpowering rivalry by the passageway of remote merchandise with low levies. Making it perfectly clear, the WTO participation not just opened new open doors for China to globalize its fare yet with the ascendance of fare the reconciliation likewise caused the expansion of import by China being compelled to bring down the duties on imported merchandise. As indicated by the discoveries of Dorothy Guerrero in ‘China, the WTO and Globalization: looking past development figures’ China needed to drop down its general levies on agrarian products from 54 percent in 2001 to 15. 3 percent in 2005. Anyway the net outcomes supported China it might be said that even without high levies, some undetectable hindrances for the results of remote nations were as yet executed by China. These non tax obstructions in a roundabout way deter the members of global exchange advertise from continuously entering China’s local market. These non duty hindrances include issues relating to tough security check, item accreditation, naming guidelines, delay in customs freedom and import endorsement. The toughness of these national non levy obstructions fundamentally contrast from the universal gauges and frequently continue changing every now and then. Because of dismissal dependent on these national guidelines, outside makers endured an incredible misfortune particularly as far as rural items. This dismissal has diminished a lot of products sent out to China. Evidently being protected from the monetary advancement and WTO enrollment of China, Chinese Politics additionally encounters changes as far as the inclination of socialists or democrats. Much the same as WTO requests unhindered commerce and privileges of the considerable number of countries, the Chinese residents of future can be anticipated to collectively request majority rules system for the privileges of each resident.

Google Search Traffic Down Try Reconsideration Request!

Google Search Traffic Down Try Reconsideration Request! Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Google Search Traffic Down? Try Reconsideration Request!Updated On 07/10/2019Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : GoogleShort URL : http://hbb.me/1Jx7hkH CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogGoogle search traffic down? Confused about the cause/solution? I guess you opened the right blog post now. For most of us, Google is the most popular traffic source, and we honestly get more conversions and targeted audience through this. But unlike Social Media, Google (SEO) has their rules to play, if we violate them, then your Google organic search traffic will be affected which means Google will degrade your website.Note: Im going to use my clients website for this article, so I need to blur it. We had to revamp our clients website, so we saw whats causing this traffic drop and how it can be fixed/improved further.Im assuming you already have a Google Search Console (Previously Webmaster Tools) account, and you have verified your website.Google Search Traffic Down? Try This!Go to Google Search Console, open Reconsideration Request page. Select the website for which you want to check and click the button Check Manual Actions.Now, if your site violates Googles guidelines, then youll be taken to a page where you can find Googles message to you stating the reason for the action. If not, Google will come up with a message saying No manual webspam actions found.YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN THIS ARTICLE:5+ Essential Tips To Avoid Google SEO PenaltiesAs you can see (in the below screenshot), we were indeed affected badly due to Unnatural links, which generally means my client has been writing plenty of unwanted reviews (or sidebar links) which have links (with keyword anchor texts) pointing to irrelevant websites, probably something to do with casino or gambling (as far as we found).Im pretty sure this is something Google terribly hates because we are giving link juice t o unrelated websites or even spammy websites. Now before clicking the button Request A Review, you need to understand that Google is like a human, and you cant escape from it. So you cant just send a message to them and say that you have fixed your website please revert your old rankings. It doesnt work like that. You need to clean properly your site, manually search for all the blog posts (even comments) which have paid/irrelevant links. If you are accepting guest posts on your blog, then you need to check the author bio of the guest bloggers as well.READGoogle Detection Of Click Fraud - An Insight ReviewReconsideration RequestClean your website thoroughly and remove all such unnatural links. If you are 100% sure that you have removed all the links and fixed your site, then go ahead, click the button Request A Review.This is going to be a more or less difficult task now, because its like an interview for some, you need to comfort Google that you have realised your mistake, that you will not repeat it again in future and tell them what changes you have made on your website. So be detail and honest. You can refer the video below to get an exact idea of how you should enter your answer.After requesting the review, youll get a similar message on your Search Console:You should understand that Google gets plenty of Reconsideration Requests per day, its like a teacher correcting students papers, you have to wait for some time to get proper results. You can refer the video below to understand how it works.If you have successfully cleaned your website, followed all the guidelines mentioned by Google, then hopefully youll get a positive response. But even if you have skipped one or two links, then youll be getting a message like this below:You cant escape from Google; they even pointed out a sample spammy link that was still present on our website, in a corner that we didnt notice.If you have impressed Google and revamped your website without any unnatural links or any other spam activities, then youll be getting a message like this:As you can see, Google is your friend, and they dont want to harm you in any way unless you harm them of course. So do follow their guidelines correctly, even if you are writing a paid/sponsored review, make sure the anchor texts and links you keep are relevant and not spammy. Update your website or blog with quality information and avoid black hat or spammy SEO, thats it.YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN THIS ARTICLE:5 SEO Mistakes You Should Be Very Careful OfSo if your Google organic search traffic dropped, then you should understand what actually happened to your website first. If you are still facing any issues with this, then kindly let us know in the comments below, well help you out.

Essay about A Sociological Study of Timothy Mcveigh

Joseph Jordan Sociology 3/19/2006 A Sociological Study of Deviance: Oklahoma City Bombing The Oklahoma City Bombing was a very special event in American history, it was the biggest act of domestic terrorism until 9/11. The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, which was an office complex in Oklahoma City, was bombed and 168 people were killed. Timothy McVeigh, the subject of my paper, was behind the bombings, and later executed. On April 15, 1995 Timothy McVeigh rented a Ryder truck in Herington, Kansas under the alias Robert D. Kling. On April 16, he drove to Oklahoma City with fellow conspirator Terry Nichols where he parked a getaway vehicle several blocks away from the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. After†¦show more content†¦He wanted to get vengeance for the FBI/ATF’s firebombing of a ranch in Waco, Texas, that killed 79 civilians. WHY DID TIMOTHY MCVEIGH DO THIS? Timothy Mcveigh’s personality can be explained sociologically as being both ritualism and rebellion. Timothy McVeigh was part of what can be seen as the pinnacle of conformism during the years before the bombing, the military. McVeigh, by all accounts, was a soldier who won praise by taking orders very well and following all the rules, his medals won during the Gulf War prove this. However, like many other people who join the military (gang-members, racial nationalists, survivalists) Timothy McVeigh had perhaps not-so â€Å"patriotic† motives for joining. Nowadays people join the military for reasons other than because they believe in a countries value system, people like McVeigh join for the military training and knowledge of things like explosives, survival, discipline, etc. They in a way use the system against itself. At face value Timothy McVeigh did follow the means towards achieving societies goals, but he wanted nothing to do with the ends. He saw himself as a freedom fighter whose destiny was to overthrow the US Government. McVeigh, before joining the military, already had a long history in the survivalist movement. The Survivalist movement is well known by the federal government for its anti-government activities and beliefs, McVeigh shared these beliefs and was set off after theShow MoreRelatedIs There a Fundamental Difference between Religious Terrorism and Secular Terrorism?3859 Words   |  15 Pageshuge and consequent envy may have prodded desire to extinguish the West and knock Western superiority. In a similar way, Critical Security Studies (CSS) argues that much of the rage and violence of Islamic terrorism is a result of Western treatment of Islam. Using Frankfort Critical Theory, as seen through the lens of the Welsh School Critical Security Studies, Torros and Guning (2012) (in Jackson, Richard, 2012) ) suggest that terrorism is a socially constructed term that may be used to serve political

Assignment Questions On Mentoring And Coaching - 2389 Words

Table of Contents Assignment 2 0 Task 1 2 a) Define what is meant by each term: 3 i. Coaching - Definition 3 ii. Mentoring - Definition 3 b) Clearly explain the differences between coaching and mentoring. 3 Mentoring - Definition 5 Task 2 6 Task 3 11 Bibliography 12 INSTRUCTIONS Complete the three tasks below. Task 1 Mentoring and coaching are important development techniques used when training and developing individuals and teams (half a page). a) Define what is meant by each term: i) coaching ii) mentoring b) Clearly explain the differences between coaching and mentoring. c) Reflect on the training and development plan you developed in Assessment 1. Identify an area where a mentoring opportunity exists. Explain how you would†¦show more content†¦Coaching gives the employee an opportunity to hear about aspects of his or her performance in real time and to play a role in figuring out how to best adopt or modify their behavior for success. Studies also reveal that there are six values that are crucial if the coaching relationship is to thrive and succeed: †¢ responsibility †¢ honesty †¢ belief that others want to learn and develop †¢ interest and respect for others †¢ showing trust †¢ pursuit of excellence. Coaching is considered a short term activity that lasts for as long as it is required (which may be only one or two sessions) until the person is considered competent to complete the task(s) for which the coaching was initiated. It is used to enhance current skill sets or to assist the coachee acquire new skills. Coaching can be ad hoc for an individual or have a more formal design for a group session. Mentoring Mentoring is a mutually beneficial relationship which involves a more experienced person helping a less experienced person to achieve their goals. A successful mentoring program is used within an organisation to: †¢ enhancing strategic business initiatives †¢ encouraging retention through succession planning †¢ reducing turnover costs and improve productivity by using own employees with the necessary expertise as internal experts for professional development †¢ enhancing professional development †¢Show MoreRelated5dcm Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloping Coaching and Mentoring within Organisations CIPD Membership Number 23141918 Introduction This report has been written to aid the development of coaching and mentoring within a leading banking and financial service company. As public sector organisations implement severe cuts and the private sector faces increased competition, all having to manage more with less, an increasing number of organisations are turning coaching and mentoringRead MoreRelecting on Coaching Practice Essay example6964 Words   |  28 PagesPurpose The purpose of this assignment is to detail reflections on my performance after 12 hours of coaching or mentoring to prove my potential as a management coach or mentor. Main Body Self-assessment Critically review how my own ethical and moral values, beliefs, attitudes and personal integrity affect how well i perform as a leadership mentor or coach Critically review the practical skills needed to perform effectively in the role of a leadership mentor or executive coach. Focus on workingRead MoreLife Coaching Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- LIFC 302 Marriage Coaching Course Description An examination and analysis of professional coaching applications that serve marital relationship concerns. The course covers marital issues from a Christian worldview with special attention given to a biblical foundation of marriage coaching and differences between coaching and counseling models. Rationale As a basis for their work, marriage coaches should have a thorough understanding of coaching models, theory, and applicationRead MoreMy Opinions On Professional Development840 Words   |  4 Pageswould say that this type of online course assignments should not really constitute as professional development, and do not offer real-world application or provide strategies to improve instruction. Another type of professional development I’ve seen flop is study groups, or book study groups. I believe the main reason for this flop is not allowing the teachers to have choice on their topic of study. In the article â€Å"7 Profound Professional Development Questions for Administrators† one of the first statementsRead MoreTeaching New Skills And Methods Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagestrainee to teach a set of skills that have been specified in advance. On the –job –training includes mentoring and coaching, learning by doing, shadowing and job rotation, e-learning, and apprenticeship. Mentoring and coaching: mentoring is when an experienced employee takes charge of the training and development of a new employee. The mentor acts as an adviser and protector to the trainee. Coaching in another hand is when a manager takes an active role in guiding another manager. The coach gives guidanceRead MoreEssay on Coaching Versus Mentoring2856 Words   |  12 PagesCritical Comparison of Coaching ‘v Mentoring The scope of this assignment is to critically compare and contrast the two approaches, reflecting on the relevance and value of each, to apply this to my organisation where possible and to offer recommendations where appropriate. Introduction Coaching Coaching can take many forms, life coaching, business coaching, performance coaching etc. As with mentoring and counselling it is about helping the individual to gain self awareness, but itRead MoreCoaching and Mentoring2123 Words   |  9 PagesSolutions to coaching and mentoring a large UK-based customer facing organisation over a two year period and beyond Introduction The chartered Institute of Personnel and Development in the UK (CIPD 2009) reports that 79% of survey respondents are using coaching within their organisation and that 77% say coaching has been increasing in recent years. It is therefore no surprise that the large UK-based customer facing organisation, where I am hypothetically working as a human resources managerRead MoreMentoring at Coca Cola2299 Words   |  10 PagesMBA 509 Human Resources Management Case Study on Mentoring at Coca-Cola Food Introduction Mentoring is one of those programs adopted by the companies to assist the employees in developing their leadership capabilities. â€Å"Mentoring is an attempt to transfer experience and expertise from experienced individuals in an organization to the less experienced† (Gregson, 1993, p. 19). Most of the cases it has been used for fast catching the work environmentRead MoreCoach vs Mentor7953 Words   |  32 PagesMentoring and Coaching: The Roles and Practices Dr. Norhasni Zainal Abiddin, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ABSTRACT Mentoring and coaching are all part of educational training to develop people in the professions. There are several similarities and differences in the main issues involved in mentoring and coaching. They are related to the selfdevelopment, professional growth and career development of the mentee/coachee. In establishing the approaches to be used, care must be taken to ensureRead MoreGlobal Leadership : The Next Generation Of Global Leaders1333 Words   |  6 Pageswe must ask ourselves, â€Å"how will we actively shape the future and create the desired reality by our present actions and choices?† Moreover, â€Å"what are the driving forces that will propel or derail our efforts.† In order to answer these and other questions, we must determine the factors we can or cannot influence including the environment, suppliers, government regulations, competitors, the economy, and yes, human capita. Today, we will focus on human capital; specifically, the fastest growing generation

Responsibility for the Downfall of Macbeth Essay - 783 Words

The tragic downfall of Macbeth can be contributed to several key factors. Macbeth’s downfall can be attributed to his blind ambition, the influence of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s own insecurities and misgivings. Blind ambition combined with immoral goals, with Lady Macbeth’s influence and Macbeth’s personal doubts all lead to his inevitable downfall. The greatest factor to Macbeth’s downfall should be attributed to his blind, uncontrollable ambition. This factor is first seen with the second appearance of the witches, upon which they meet Macbeth. Macbeth’s first thought to the prophecy â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!† (1.3.63) is he must murder the king. This thought provides the groundwork in which Macbeth can seed his†¦show more content†¦Macbeth needed Lady Macbeth to do this, for without her, he would have continued to see the horrible act as something he shouldn’t do. In this regard, Lady Macbeth does this very well, she makes Macbeth see things in a different light, tells him how he is erroneous in his thinking and gets him to think how she wants him to. The following quote shows these domineering and manipulating qualities of hers quite well: â€Å"Art thou afeard/To be the same in thine own act and valor/As thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have that†¦/And live a coward in thine own esteem,/Letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon ‘I would’/Like the poor cat I’ the adage?† (1.7.43-49) This passage of Lady Macbeth also sums up her thoughts quite nicely: â€Å"What beast was’t it then/†¦ made you break this enterprise†¦/when you durst do it, then you were a man,/†¦to be more than what you were, you would/Be so much more the man.† (1.7.53-57) Both of these quotations display Lady Macbeth’s thoughts about Macbeth: he is weak, and he must be a man, while she is strong and would do the murder without a thought. These thoughts clearly show how ambitious she is, and how determined she wants to influence Macbeth’s actions. The third, most contributing factor that leads to Macbeth’s downfall is his own insecurities, including his active imagination and his experiences with the supernatural. Macbeth’s first meeting with the witches, and theShow MoreRelatedWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall1490 Words   |  6 PagesWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth shows the downfall of a wrongfully crowned king. But his downfall is not solely due to himself. There are other characters in the play that are part of his downfall. If it weren’t for them, the play would not work. They are part of a chain, one leading to another. The play would not have ended in the same manner, even if one of these characters hadn’t played their partRead MoreMacbeth and His Downfall1613 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth, there are two factors that contributed to Macbeths ruin. One of them being more to blame: The influential character of Lady Macbeth displaying temptation towards Macbeth, or Macbeths own ambitious and insecure nature. There are questions whether Macbeths downfall might have displayed more for his own blame. In closer examination, it will be come apparent that Macbeth is more to blame for his downfall. By first examining the influential acts of Lady Macbeth that made Macbeth commitRead More powmac Macbeth’s Obsession with Power Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesintense emotion.   Although the diction of Macbeths words are from the Elizabethan Age, its message rings true and clear.   Macbeth clearly will oppose anything standing in the way of his passion.   Critics often debate over the what tragic flaw of Macbeth lead to his downfall.   Was it ambition or Lady Macbeths influence?   Hardly so.   It was an obsession of power that Macbeth desired so much that led to his compulsive fixation and preoccupation of obtaining his desire by any and all means necessaryRead MoreLady Macbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe obvious reading of this passage would be of Lady Macbeth as domineering and manipulative in pursuit of her own goals. But that reading discounts the loyalty and dedication she has shown to Macbeth and his success. By encouraging violence through questioning his manhood, masculinity and violence become inextricably linked. This connection essentially defines masculinity as violence within the world of Macbeth. The relationship between power, violence, and masculinity alienate women and power andRead MoreResponsibility to Others versus Individual Selfishness1745 Words   |  7 PagesHolocaust, considers our ethical responsibility to other humans as foll ows: â€Å"The Ego loses its sovereign coincidence with self, its identification where consciousness comes back triumphantly to itself to reside in itself†¦The challenge to self is precisely reception of the absolutely other†¦[T]he Other hails me and signifies to me†¦by its destitution, an order. Its presence is the summons to respond†¦To be Me/Ego thenceforth signifies being unable to escape from responsibility.† (â€Å"Signification and Sense†Read More Shakespeares Macbeth - Renaissance Humanism Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth assume the role of supernatural beings, it was not Shakespeare’s intent to portray a classic case of fatalism. On the contrary, Shakespeare used Macbeth as a way to display the idea of Renaissance humanism. Although the witches did in fact possess uncanny powers, they were in reality not controlling Macbeth, but rather they were tempting Macbeth to act in particular ways. The witch es, as well as other significant characters, may have encouraged Macbeth to act in a certainRead MoreMacbeth : A Victim Of Choice Not Fate1327 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Literature 2 November 2016 Macbeth a Victim of Choice not Fate Humans have their own free wills and they behave based on their ambitions. Everyday, they make choices; others do not decide what one should do. In Macbeth, brave and loyal Macbeth hears a prophecy about his fate from three witches; they refer to Macbeth as thane of Glamis, thane of Cawdor, and the future king. When he realizes that these prophecies are true, ambition and greed overcome Macbeth. Boosted by the prophecy and his wife’sRead More MacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesMacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall    There were many wrongs committed in MacBeth. But who should bear the major responsibility for these actions? The witches prophesising? Lady MacBeths scheming and persuasion? Or should MacBeth himself be held responsible? No doubt the witches and lady MacBeth influenced MacBeth in the course of action he took in his rise to power, but ultimately he must bear the major responsibility for his fate.    The witches played an undoubtedlyRead MoreMacbeth and Lady Macbeths Consciousness in Macbeth by Shakespeare841 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth and Lady Macbeths Consciousness in Macbeth by Shakespeare Humans have free will, and this free will give us the right to choose between good and evil. In the play Macbeth by Shakespeare, Macbeth and his wife plot the murder of King Duncan, so that they can become rulers over Scotland. We realize that having the power to make conscience descions results in a responsibility for our descions. These responsibilities may manifest as guilt or happiness. Macbeth is at first a man with aRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of a Tyrant Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606, during the reign of James I, who was James IV of Scotland before he became the King of England. James I, was a sponsor of Shakespeare’s theatre, so it is clear that Shakespeare’s work was affected by James I’s sensitivities. Murder and intrigue was a part of the Scottish Reign when James was growing, and in fact, James’s father was murdered when he was just a baby. Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish general who, through prophecies received

Evil has always been in everyones lives Essay Example For Students

Evil has always been in everyones lives Essay Evil has always been in everyones lives. Some people have it more than others. There are places in the world where evil almost takes over. It crops up in all kinds of places, all over the world. In these texts, Macbeth, Frankenstein and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde there is a definite theme of evil throughout. In this essay I will write about what evil there is specifically in each of these texts. I will start with Macbeth because it has the most overriding evil out of the three. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the leading character is Macbeth. He is a good, loyal nobleman in Scotland. At the beginning he has the title of Thane of Glamis. He has just fought a battle and is on his way back to the king. The first time we come across evil in this film is while he is walking across a heath. Three witches appear to Macbeth and his friend Banquo. Witches have always been considered as evil beings; later in the play we find this to be true. The first witch says, All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis, the second witch continues All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor and the third witch then says All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter. Basically the witches are telling Macbeth that he will become the Thane of Cawdor and then king. Telling the future has been considered as an evil thing to do, by some. They then go on to tell Banquo that his descendants will be kings. A messenger then comes to the heath and tells Macbeth he has been appointed Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth then goes off to see the king where he promptly announces that the successor to him will be his son, Malcolm. This troubles Macbeth as the witches just told him that he would become king. Macbeths evil thoughts now begin, he says in my way it lies. This is referring to Malcolm; he lies in Macbeths way to becoming king of Scotland. The king says that he will be going to Macbeths castle to celebrate the victory in the recent battle. Macbeth had written a letter to his wife, Lady Macbeth, about what had happened with the witches. She is also an evil person in the play. Some say just as much as Macbeth. She has planned a way to kill off King Duncan by the time the kings party arrive at their castle. She does this because she knows that Macbeth is too full o the milk of human kindness to do it himself. When Macbeth arrives home, his wife informs him of her plan to kill the king. He grudgingly agrees. Lady Macbeth tells him he must look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under it. This means he must act like everything is okay, but know underneath that he is going to kill the king. This of course in an evil thing to do, murder is one of the most evil things a person can commit. When the play was written people considered royalty to be Gods representative on earth, so killing the king was like killing God, unforgivable. The killing of Duncan went as follows: The chamberlains were drugged through their wine, and Lady Macbeth rung the bell twice as a sign to Macbeth that all was ready. While this was happening Macbeth saw, or thought he saw, a dagger in front of him, pointing toward Duncans room. This is thought to be a sign from the witches who are evil to make him go towards, and kill, Duncan. As Lady Macbeth rings the bell twice, Macbeth says that the bell is one that summons thee to heaven or to hell, referring to Duncan either going to hell or heaven. The plan was for him to use the chamberlains daggers to kill the guards, and then plant them back on them. In the mad rush to escape after he murders Duncan he forgets to plant the daggers. When Lady Macbeth sees this she immediately takes the daggers from him and does it herself. This act shows that Lady Macbeth is doing evil, or at least being an apprentice to murder. She goes and puts them back and also smothers the grooms faces with blood. At this point Macbeth is regretting the fact that he has committed regicide, killing a monarch. The next day, after Duncans sons, Malcolm and Donaldbain, find out about their father being killed, they decide to run away. They said, theres daggers in mens smiles. This basically means people could be pretending to be good, but underneath they arent. Because Malcolm and Donaldbain ran away, Macbeth was declared the new king of Scotland the third of the witches prophecies comes true. Macduff is very suspicious of Macbeth and chooses not attend Macbeths coronation at scone. After the coronation Macbeth is very insecure about his position. This is because the witches prophecies came true about him, and his is worried the same will happen with Banquo. He says to be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus he is basically saying that being king is nothing, if his descendants wont be. At this point he starts to think about killing Banquo and his son, Fleance. Essay About Romeo And Juliet TragedyThis is a physically disgusting creature to all who observe it. In creating this body he needed to get parts for the body. To get these parts he went into graveyards at night and dug up dead bodies and cut off limbs organs. This is one more example of wrongdoing in this book. It disrespects the dead immensely. When the monster is brought to life, Frankenstein neglects his duty as a parent and runs away from the Monster. Because of Victor running away the Monster it does not learn anything, and when it goes out in public it is shunned, and gets stones thrown at it and is generally treated very badly. The Monster goes into a forest and finds a house with an blind man and his family living in it. The Monster decides to live in a hidden part of the house, and while he is there, he picks up how to communicate. The Monster plucks up the courage to go and see the blind man, when he does; the man is not bothered by him as he cannot see how disfigured the Monster is. But when his family comes back they see the Monster and the family beat it off and send it away. The Monster is very angry with this and goes back to the forest later in the book to try and get revenge; the family are not there. The Monster then goes in search of Victor Frankenstein, his creator. While he is looking for Frankenstein, the Monster comes across Frankensteins younger brother, William, and kills him. This is, of course a very evil thing to do, perhaps more than any other thing someone can do. The Monster takes Williams locket and puts it in his mums pocket to frame her. She is hung for murder. When has a mental breakdown, one of his friends, Cleval helps him through this rough time. He is almost completely recovered when he finds out about William being killed. Frankenstein knows that it was the Monster that did it. The Monster is still seeking revenge; he goes off and kills Cleval. Victor sees the Monster, later in the book, on top of a mountain, but he does not mention it because he feels guilty because he knows that what he has done is evil and wrong. When Frankenstein goes on a walk he crosses paths with the Monster. The monster tells Victor his story, that all he wants is to be loved, and that if Frankenstein makes him a mate, he will go away to the north pole and never come back. Frankenstein moves to Scotland to create this second creature. This is more evil than it was the first time, because he knows the consequences of making another monster. He has the second monster all ready to be brought to life, but he decides to destroy it instead. The Monster sees this happen and is extremely angry about it. The Monster says to Victor, I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"obey! The Monster kills Elizabeth Frankensteins friend fiancÃÆ' © on their wedding night. He then goes to the North Pole to commit suicide. Frankenstein then dies on a boat. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde there is many examples of evil and wrongdoing. The story is basically about a man who creates a potion to separate the evil and good into separate people. This is a wrong thing to do, as it is taking the place of God, and creating a being by himself. When Dr. Jekyll takes this potion he made, he splits into himself, and Mr. Hyde Mr. Hyde is the evil in Dr. Jekyll. Mr Hyde is pure evil, all he does is evil actions, he pushes over a small girl in the street, kills a man for no reason and kills himself killing yourself is evil as it is taking the responsibility away from God to kill you off when he sees fit. By using his potion that he created, he has created a character of complete evil, this is, of course a wrong thing to do. In conclusion I would like to say that in most stories, not all, but most, the good comes off as the winner. In real life this is not always the case. Readers like to read about evil, and what it would be like if all the novels, and plays containing evil were real. Evil is a very overriding theme in some peoples lives. It is the same in these three texts, although, in all of them the evil is eradicated in the end, not always the case in everyday life.

American Grace How Religion Divides and Unites Us

Maximum Likelihood Estimation Examples

Maximum Likelihood Estimation Examples Suppose that we have a random sample from a population of interest.  We may have a theoretical model for the way that the population is distributed.  However, there may be several population parameters of which we do not know the values.  Maximum likelihood estimation is one way to determine these unknown parameters.   The basic idea behind maximum likelihood estimation is that we determine the values of these unknown parameters.  We do this in such a way to maximize an associated joint probability density function or probability mass function.  We will see this in more detail in what follows.  Then we will calculate some examples of maximum likelihood estimation. Steps for Maximum Likelihood Estimation The above discussion can be summarized by the following steps: Start with a sample of independent random variables X1, X2, . . . Xn from a common distribution each with probability density function f(x;ÃŽ ¸1, . . .ÃŽ ¸k).  The thetas are unknown parameters.Since our sample is independent, the probability of obtaining the specific sample that we observe is found by multiplying our probabilities together.  This gives us a likelihood function L(ÃŽ ¸1, . . .ÃŽ ¸k)   f( x1 ;ÃŽ ¸1, . . .ÃŽ ¸k) f( x2 ;ÃŽ ¸1, . . .ÃŽ ¸k) . . .  f( xn ;ÃŽ ¸1, . . .ÃŽ ¸k) ÃŽ   f( xi ;ÃŽ ¸1, . . .ÃŽ ¸k).Next, we use Calculus to find the values of theta that maximize our likelihood function L.  More specifically, we differentiate the likelihood function L with respect to ÃŽ ¸ if there is a single parameter.  If there are multiple parameters we calculate partial derivatives of L with respect to each of the theta parameters.To continue the process of maximization, set the derivative of L (or partial derivatives) equal to zero and solve for theta.We can then use o ther techniques (such as a second derivative test) to verify that we have found a maximum for our likelihood function. Example Suppose we have a package of seeds, each of which has a constant probability p of success of germination.  We plant n of these and count the number of those that sprout.  Assume that each seed sprouts independently of the others.  How do we determine the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameter p? We begin by noting that each seed is modeled by a Bernoulli distribution with a success of p. We let X be either 0 or 1, and the probability mass function for a single seed is f( x ; p ) px (1 - p)1 - x.   Our sample consists of n  Ã‚  different Xi, each of with has a Bernoulli distribution.  The  seeds that sprout have Xi 1 and the seeds that fail to sprout have Xi 0.   The likelihood function is given by: L ( p ) ÃŽ   pxi (1 - p)1 - xi We see that it is possible to rewrite the likelihood function by using the laws of exponents.   L ( p )   pÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n - ÃŽ £ xi Next we differentiate this function with respect to p.  We assume that the values for all of the Xi are known, and hence are constant.  To differentiate the likelihood function we need to use the product rule along with the power rule: L ( p )   ÃŽ £ xip-1 ÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n - ÃŽ £ xi - (n - ÃŽ £ xi )pÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n-1 - ÃŽ £ xi We rewrite some of the negative exponents and have: L ( p ) (1/p) ÃŽ £ xipÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n - ÃŽ £ xi - 1/(1 - p) (n - ÃŽ £ xi )pÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n - ÃŽ £ xi [(1/p) ÃŽ £ xi  - 1/(1 - p) (n - ÃŽ £ xi)]ipÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n - ÃŽ £ xi Now, in order to continue the process of maximization, we set this derivative equal to zero and solve for p: 0 [(1/p) ÃŽ £ xi  - 1/(1 - p) (n - ÃŽ £ xi)]ipÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n - ÃŽ £ xi Since p and (1- p) are nonzero we have that 0 (1/p) ÃŽ £ xi  - 1/(1 - p) (n - ÃŽ £ xi). Multiplying both sides of the equation by p(1- p) gives us: 0 (1 - p) ÃŽ £ xi  - p (n - ÃŽ £ xi). We expand the right hand side and see: 0   ÃŽ £ xi  - p ÃŽ £ xi  - p n pÃŽ £ xi   ÃŽ £ xi - p n. Thus ÃŽ £ xi p n and (1/n)ÃŽ £ xi   p.  This means that the maximum likelihood estimator of p is a sample mean.  More specifically this is the sample proportion of the seeds that germinated.  This is perfectly in line with what intuition would tell us.  In order to determine the proportion of seeds that will germinate, first consider a sample from the population of interest. Modifications to the Steps There are some modifications to the above list of steps.  For example, as we have seen above, is typically worthwhile to spend some time using some algebra to simplify the expression of the likelihood function.  The reason for this is to make the differentiation easier to carry out. Another change to the above list of steps is to consider natural logarithms. The maximum for the function L will occur at the same point as it will for the natural logarithm of L.  Thus maximizing ln L is equivalent to maximizing the function L. Many times, due to the presence of exponential functions in L, taking the natural logarithm of L will greatly simplify some of our work. Example We see how to use the natural logarithm by revisiting the example from above.  We begin with the likelihood function: L ( p )   pÃŽ £ xi (1 - p)n - ÃŽ £ xi . We then use our logarithm laws and see that: R( p ) ln L( p ) ÃŽ £ xi ln p (n - ÃŽ £ xi) ln(1 - p). We already see that the derivative is much easier to calculate: R( p ) (1/p)ÃŽ £ xi - 1/(1 - p)(n - ÃŽ £ xi) . Now, as before, we set this derivative equal to zero and multiply both sides by p (1 - p): 0 (1- p ) ÃŽ £ xi -  p(n - ÃŽ £ xi) . We solve for p and find the same result as before. The use of the natural logarithm of L(p) is helpful in another way.  It is much easier to calculate a second derivative of R(p) to verify that we truly do have a maximum at the point (1/n)ÃŽ £ xi   p. Example For another example, suppose that we have a random sample X1, X2, . . . Xn from a population that we are modelling with an exponential distribution.  The probability density function for one random variable is of the form f( x ) ÃŽ ¸-1 e -x/ÃŽ ¸ The likelihood function is given by the joint probability density function. This is a product of several of these density functions: L(ÃŽ ¸) ÃŽ   ÃŽ ¸-1 e -xi/ÃŽ ¸   ÃŽ ¸-n e -ÃŽ £ xi/ÃŽ ¸    Once again it is helpful to consider the natural logarithm of the likelihood function.  Differentiating this will require less work than differentiating the likelihood function: R(ÃŽ ¸) ln L(ÃŽ ¸) ln [ÃŽ ¸-n e -ÃŽ £ xi/ÃŽ ¸] We use our laws of logarithms and obtain: R(ÃŽ ¸) ln L(ÃŽ ¸) - n ln ÃŽ ¸Ã‚   -ÃŽ £xi/ÃŽ ¸ We differentiate with respect to ÃŽ ¸ and have: R(ÃŽ ¸)   - n / ÃŽ ¸Ã‚   ÃŽ £xi/ÃŽ ¸2 Set this derivative equal to zero and we see that: 0 - n / ÃŽ ¸Ã‚   ÃŽ £xi/ÃŽ ¸2. Multiply both sides by ÃŽ ¸2 and the result is: 0 - n ÃŽ ¸Ã‚   ÃŽ £xi. Now use algebra to solve for ÃŽ ¸: ÃŽ ¸ (1/n)ÃŽ £xi. We see from this that the sample mean is what maximizes the likelihood function.  The parameter ÃŽ ¸ to fit our model should simply be the mean of all of our observations. Connections There are other types of estimators.  One alternate type of estimation is called an unbiased estimator.  For this type, we must calculate the expected value of our statistic and determine if it matches a corresponding parameter.

Merits of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through Essay

Merits of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through issuance of Stocks - Essay Example Merits of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through issuance of Stocks Marvin Appel emphasized that â€Å"corporate bonds are debt instruments issued by organizations. And, unlike government which is very least likely to default, there is always risk that a corporate business may not be able to pay its obligations to the bondholders† (10). Matt Evans discussed few advantages of issuing bonds to raise capital for a company’s operations. Some of these advantages are: 1. Interest payments made to bond holders are tax deductible as reflected on the issuing corporation’s income statement; 2. Bond issuances do not dilute earnings per share or decrease control within the company; 3. Usually, cost of bonds issued is fixed; interest and principal do not change within the life of the bond; and 4. Expected return of investment to investors is usually lower than ROI on stocks. For tax purposes, legitimate interest expense payments to banks, financial institutions, and other investors are deductible from income before tax. This will include interest or coupon payments to bondholders of the corporation which issued bonds. This is part of the benefits of using funds from debt financing to augment business performance and the same time paying less tax with respect to the company’s income for a covered period. By issuing bonds, it does not change the control structure of a corporation. Equity holdings of stockholders will remain the same; also the same base for earnings-per-share consideration. On the other hand, Evans also pointed out advantages for a company raising capital through the issuance of stocks. These include: a. Stocks have no fixed payments required to investors; investors will receive return of investment based on profits; b. There is no maturity date on the stocks certificate and invested capital does not have to be repaid within a fixed period; and c. Issuing stocks will improve the credit worthiness of the company. At the company’s standpoint, issuance of stocks to raise capital is the cheapest way to finance business operations contrary to bonds. Unlike bonds, there are no scheduled payments for coupon and bulk of funds upon maturity. Shareholders will get income from their investments through dividends if they opt to hold their stocks for a longer period. By issuing stocks, the generated funds will improve ratios like current ratio, acid-test ratio, and debt equity ratio that are of significant considerations for financial statement users. Moreover, if a company continues to have negative results of operations, the invested capital by the stockholders may be absorbed by the loss. That is why it is regarded as the cheapest way to finance business operations. By its nature, stock holdings are not guaranteed in terms of return of investments. B. Risks of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through issuance of Stocks Bonds are debt instruments and usually they are huge fund obligations to pay in the future. Ian Giddy had stated that when a corporation borrows up to its capacity, it loses its flexibility of financing some more future projects through debt financing. â€Å"The corporation that is issuing bonds should continue to perform well in business to make profit enough to pay back its obligations on bonds† (Appel 29). If an issuing corporation will default in paying obligations on bonds, it has a negative impact to the organization in different aspects in the bond market and in the industry. It can be regarded that in the company’s perspective, debt financing through bonds is an expensive way of raising capital

Consumption and Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Consumption and Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example (Perner n.d.) Researchers in sociology argue that consumption is both a cultural as well as an economic phenomenon; therefore participation in consumer culture is not restricted to those with financial resources to actually purchase goods. The new middle classes, gender, race and youth influence the development of consumer culture. In her seminal work Consumer Culture, Celia Lury argues that consumer culture should be considered as a subset of material culture; that in its current form consumer culture is characterised by 'stylization', following notions of the 'aestheticisation' of everyday life; the ability of subordinate social groups to influence development of consumer culture. This in turn suggests their relative autonomy form dominant structures of economic and social power and to an extent breaks down the distinction between high and low culture, thus levelling or augmenting social change (cited in Bowlby 1997 and Horrocks 1997). The implications of Lury's theses to marketers are obvious. Aesthetics in product presentation are as important as contents. Children, youth and other subordinate groups, which do not form dominant structures of economic and social power, determine or influence consumption. Marketers have data, analytical ability, practical tools and experience to understand consumer behaviour and presumably have the ability to influence it. Yet marketers influencing consumer behaviour on such a scale as to make their company's gigantic successes are an exception rather than the rule, the honourable exceptions being companies like Tesco, Dove, Innocent and iPod. Professor Andrew Ehrenberg observed "that keeping things the same would represent a reasonable success for most promotional campaigns." (Marketing theory2007). On the other hand from a consumer's viewpoint is buying a simple process Is it just that people recognise the need for a product, locate a place to buy it, buy it and consume it According to the post-modern approach, there are a lot of influences that affect the 'simple process'. The experience of Wal-Mart's Latin America operations have important lesson for marketers. The retail chain designed its stores the way they are in the US, with narrow aisles broad parking areas and red, white and blue banners. Latin Americans like wide aisles because they visit super markets with their large families; large parking lots do not appeal to them, as many do not own cars and the banners appeared to them as 'Yankee imperialism'. Consumer's buying behaviour is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors but in this mix cultural factors dominate. (Kotler 2003, p.183). The following diagram depicts the stimulus-organism-response model of buying behaviour: Model of buyer behaviour- Adapted from Kotler 2003, p. 184 According to Kotler, culture, subculture and social class largely determine the consumer's buying behaviour. (Kotler 2003, p. 183). Culture or civilisation is an individual's highest form of identification with the society. Each culture has within itself - sub-cultures - smaller

A Night in New York City Essay Example for Free

A Night in New York City Essay On a late Saturday evening I was studying continuously when suddenly I heard a monotonous and awful scream which made me run out of the house immediately. When I reached outside I could not believe what I had seen. A two-storey and turquoise coloured house had caught on fire. People were rushing in and out of their square shaped houses bringing huge and heavy buckets of water trying to extinguish the ravaging and terrible fire. I was behind the crowd panicking, trembling and feeling afraid looking at the horrible and awful sight. The three people, the father, the mother and their daughter were trapped in the house screaming and crying continuously in pain and anger. Some people tried throwing big heaps of blankets to cover the fire but it was of no use. Instead the fire was increasing dreadfully. Others tried saving the helpless people from the burning house but did not succeed and received minor burns. I ran in the house, picked up the phone and called the fire brigade as quick as possible. I then ran outside and started helping the people who tried to keep the fire in control. In about five minutes the fire brigades had arrived showering loads of water on the house making all of us wet. The fire had extinguished and the people were saved but received second degree burns. They were rushed to the hospital immediately in a red and white ambulance. Everyone was relieved and really tired so they all returned to their respected houses peacefully. Only one thing was bothering us a lot, and that was as to how the fire had started.

Free Will Essay -- essays papers

Free Will â€Å"Free Will and its effect on the Greeks, Christians, and Romans† Free will is defined as: Voluntary choice or decision; freedom of humans to make choices that are not determined by prior causes or by divine intervention (Webster’s Online Collegiate Dictionary). Free will had an effect on the Greeks, Christians, and the Romans. Three stories, Oedipus the King, the Bible, and the Aenied, respectively, that we have studied and that fall in each society are examples of how free will is altered by different societies and how it effects their lives. Oedipus the King was written by a Greek, Sophocles. During this time, the Greeks believed that everything was done for the gods, they did not have free will over their lives. There are many examples in the play in which the gods are controlling and tell the people what they should do or how they should live their lives. At the end of the play Oedipus asks Creon to banish him from Thebes: Oedipus: Drive me out of Thebes, in exile. Creon: Not I. Only the gods can give you that. Oedipus: Surely the gods hate me so much- Creon: You’ll get your wish at once†¦(Oedipus 639 lines 1168-71). Creon and Oedipus discuss here how they have no control over their lives, decisions and all. The gods are the ones who make all of the choices. Oedipus, along with the rest of the Greeks, believed that he had no say in the way his life was going to turn out. He believed that it was destined for his life to end the way it did, with him being cursed and banished from Thebes. The Bible is the word of God for the Christians. There are many examples of free will throughout the Bible. Christians believe that God gave us free will to do as we please, but whatever we do should be ... ...s different in each society, the Greeks, Christians, and Romans were all effected in one way or another. Whether it was the gods controlling their lives or God watching over their lives, free will had a very strong imprint on how each society lived their life. Bibliography: Works Cited Genesis. The Bible. The Norton Anthology: World Masterpieces. Ed. Lawall. & Mack. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1999. 51-72. Merriam Webster’s Online Collegiate Dictionary. 2000. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 8 October 2000. www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary Sophocles. Oedipus the King. The Norton Anthology: World Masterpieces. Ed. Lawall. & Mack. New Tork: W.W. Norton & Co.,1999. 596-640. Virgil. The Aenied. The Norton Anthology: World Masterpieces. Ed. Lawall. & Mack. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1999. 814-895.

Country Case Report for China Essay

The third largest land area in the world belongs to the People’s Republic of China. Presently, its population is the largest on the record and its capital, Beijing is the economic and cultural center. China’s economic growth greatly improves due to the trend of poverty reduction during the period of 1980-1990. From 542 million to 375 million, shrinking by 167 million, China’s poverty population exceedingly reduced. Angang stated that China’s achievements in poverty reduction made huge contributions to the cause of poverty reduction of the world (2). According to World Bank, the poverty population of the world dropped off by 98. 3 million. Among the five Asian countries with the most condensed poverty population are India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia, and according to the industrial poverty line, China’s current proportion of poverty population is the lowest. Statistics show that China has experienced a period of human history in which poverty population decreased by a largest margin in the past 2 decades, and reversed the trend that poverty population has been increasing in the past five decades in the world history, causing the poverty population of the world to decrease for the first time. That is to say, without China’s efforts of poverty reduction, the poverty population of the world would have increased from 848 million in 1980 to 917 million in 1990. (Angang, 2-3). Ambassador Baodong stated that the Development-oriented Poverty reduction program for Rural China for the period of 2001-2010 generated grand effects in the global poverty reduction. The number of rural population in China declined to 21. 48 million and 2. 3% of national poverty incidence was accounted for the 55% of global poverty reduction in 2007 (Baodong, 1). Technological development plays a vital role in the country’s economic growth. From 1980 to 1990, China’s expenditure amounted to US $17billion for imported technology. The trend of research and development made an immense leap. As a result there has been a modest amount of growth in the country’s development however the inefficiencies posted to be the chief dilemma. At the end of 1990, statistics illustrated that 50 of Shanghai’s large and medium enterprises only reached 10 percent of international level of quality standards and 30 percent arrived at the prototype stage using the new programs. From the year 2001 – 2005, this country became a major IT nation in the world, standing third place in manufacturing setting and first rank in telecommunications. The business cycle of the Chinese economy had undergone substantial magnitude from the time when the government established in the mid1950’s centralized economic management and planning. The period from 1979-1990 was depicted with relative stability and high escalation. In 1955-1978 economic growth rates, the movement went from 5. 7 percent to 9. 3 percent in 1979 to 1993 period. Investment cycles, harvest fluctuations, political disturbances, inflation and periodic retrenchments are the major factors that affect business cycles. Downturn was evident during 1980-1981, then an upswing from 1982 – 1989 and the business cycle in 1989 was another downturn and an upturn in 1990. Imai’s stated that his conclusion on Chinese business cycle stated that cycle interacts with exogenous shocks and generates business cycles with dissimilar amplitude and duration. An investment cycle is generated by patterned reaction of central planners who adjust the level of fixed investment in response to capacity pressure, an indicator of macroeconomic tension. An instititutional prerequisite of this cycle is the weak financial accountability of state enterprises (178). Economists added that the efficiency wedge, which represents institutional change and technology advance, was the main source of economic fluctuations in 1978 – 2006. The amplitude of it fluctuation declined after 1992, which resulted in moderation of business cycle fluctuations. Distortions manifest themselves as taxes on investment, which represents frictions in the capital market, became another economic fluctuation source after 1992, which is different from results of business cycle accounting on US and Japan data. Results also show that government consumption and net exports played minor roles in generating business cycles (Gao). China’s world trade generated a strong impact on its growth. Imports and exports led China to be among the world’s most significant export destinations for other Asian countries. Since the year 1979, the country’s global trade gradually improved. Presently, Japan’s exports of 11 percent came from China, before it was only 2 percent during the end of 1990. The Chinese government implemented tariff reductions in order to continue its longstanding trend in world trade. During 2004, China’s tariff rates dropped from 0. 6 to 10. 4 percent. Part of the country’s trade reforms to (WTO) World Trade Organization is to lessen tariff rates and eliminate import quotas and licenses, opening sectors for foreign country involvement such as telecommunications, financial and insurance services. Complete access to foreign participants is greatly assured through automatic licensing procedures. Eradication of limitations on trading and domestic distribution for majority of goods is also part of the plan. According to WTO, China will retain import state trading for wheat, rice, corn, sugar, tobacco, cotton and chemical fertilizers, as with export trading, corn, tea, rice, coal, silk, crude and processed oils, cotton, tungsten and ammonium products are included. In addition to this, China had been permanently bestowed with the most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment by other participants of WTO. As response to this honor, some countries have abolished restrictions on China’s imports. The contributing factor for the possible boost in China’s trade is when quota restrictions are lifted. China’s membership to World Trade Organization made enormous effect on some of the trends in relation to the role of China in international trade. Examples comprise of its magnetism to foreign investors and developing role in global export base. This is evident in IMF statistics that showed its market share in Japan, United States and Europe, from the period 1980 to 1990, an overall total of 10. 3 percent, and end of 2003, a whopping 37 percent (Source: IMF, Direction of Trade Statistics). â€Å"Just as water always flows to the lowest point, China is bound to be the first option for foreign capital investment† (â€Å"China’s Cheap† A1). China’s labor force is considered cheap and also of good quality. It is estimated that 100 million of employees in rural areas are likely to be waiting to be changed to urban workers. The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is a significant gauge to quantify the labor supply of PR China. In the period of 1980-1990, the LFPR in China is higher among other countries. The most likely basis is moderately low income level. There is high participation in the labor force among women because one wage earner is inadequate to support a family. In the last 5 years (2002-2007), women’s participation in the labor force exceedingly increased according to APEC statistics. Presently, the government was executing the guidelines which were implemented during 1997, which was the division of labor market between urban and rural areas. The labor market is exclusively for high school graduates or those with lower educational background. This probable outcome of this situation is the layoffs in urban places and labor surplus in rural areas. In the coming years, it has been forecasted that China might face a nationwide labor shortage. The country is fast approaching the â€Å"Lewisian turning point†. It is a theory by Arthur Lewis stating the turning point from surplus labor to labor scarcity. In the year 1980, State Council issued a decree prohibiting the use of foreign exchange for making payments in China. Foreign exchange rates or Waihui, equal in value to the Renminbi at effective rate, were put into circulation for use by nonresidents only. It could be use for transportation fares, hotel bills and purchases at Friendship stores. Then in 1981, the foreign trade rate was since fixed at 2. 80 from 1. 750. In 1985, the internal settlement rate was abolished and all trade was governed by the Effective Rate. A foreign exchange retention quota also exists for a portion of export proceeds. Authorization was granted for Chinese residents to hold foreign exchange and open foreign exchange accounts and to deposit and withdraw funds in foreign exchange. In the year 1986, The trade-weighted basket of currencies was abandoned and the Effective Rate was placed on a controlled float based on developments in the balance of payments and in costs and exchange rates of China’s major competitors. Shanghai International Trust and Investment Corporation was authorized to handle exchange business. In 1988, early this year, all domestic entities which are allowed to retain foreign exchange earnings were granted permission to trade in the adjustment centers, and by October 1988, 80 adjustment centers were established. Initially, a relatively small volume of transactions took place in these markets, but the volume has increased substantially since access to the centers was expanded. The Foreign Exchange Swap Rate was 6. 60 from 3. 72. In 1989, regulations were issued governing the use of foreign exchange obtained in foreign exchange adjustment centers. Imports of inputs for the agricultural sector, textile, and for technologically advance and light industries were given priority. Purchases of foreign exchange for a wide range of consumer products were prohibited. Such corporations are permitted to sell in China for foreign exchange provided that the sales involve purchases under the Government’s annual import plan, sales in Special Economic Zones and other promotional areas, and sales of import substitutes. The Foreign Exchange Swap Rate was 5. 40 from 3. 72. By the end of 1990, The Foreign Exchange Swap Rate was 5. 70 from 5. 22. (Ka Fu) Presently, Premier Jiabao stated in the Annual Meetings of the Board of Governors of the African Development Bank Group in Shanghai that the government continues to push the Renminbi exchange rate reform in order to confer larger range to the role of the market. The reform permits citizens to purchase more foreign currencies and commercial banks. Financial market development has been highlighted with China’s monetary reforms. The People’s Bank of China (PBC) has made great strides in modernizing its monetary policy frameworks but their effectiveness will diminish as the sophistication of the economy increases. Empirical evidence supports maintaining a reference to money in China’s monetary strategy and enhancing the role of interest rates in its conduct (Maino, 44). The most suitable monetary strategy for China would be an eclectic monetary policy framework, whereby the growth in money supply and bank credit extension are used as intermediate guidelines for the determination of short-term interest rates. In addition, in deciding on the most appropriate monetary policy stance, developments in a number of other variables need to be taken into consideration, because the monetary aggregates are loosing some of their usefulness as indicators of future inflation due to structural changes in the economy (Maino, 40). The IMF also points out that Chinese monetary policy could improve noticeably if the central bank were granted more discretionary power to set interest rates. In the last two years, increases in the trade surplus and significant inflows of foreign capital have led to a large accumulation of international reserves, which has further complicated monetary policy handling. In this respect, the IMF has welcomed the changes introduced into the Chinese exchange rate system as a significant step towards making this system more flexible. Although it is difficult to define an â€Å"equilibrium† exchange rate, and not just revaluation, must be adopted if china is to increase the independence of its monetary policy and shield its economy against external shocks (Ruete, 8). Works Cited Angang, Hu. China’s economic growth and poverty reduction (1978-2002). 2 June 2003. IMF. 20 April 2008 . Baodong, Li. Remarks by Ambassador LI Baodong At Ministerial Roundtable Breakfast of Economic and Social Council On â€Å"Food, Nutrition and Agriculture: Working Together to End Hunger†. 12 July 2007. China-UN. 22 April 2008 â€Å"China’s Cheap, High-quality Labor Lures Foreign Investment†. Editorial. Xinhua News Agency 21 December 2002, A1. Gao, Xu. Business Cycle Accoounting for the Chinese Economy. N. p. : n. p, n. d. http://www. wdi. umich. edu/files/Publications/WorkingPapers/wp795. pdf Imai, Hiroyuki, Explaining China’s Business Cycles. 6 June 1996. IDE. 22 April 2008 . Ka Fu, Wong. International Economics. 1 January 2007. 23 April 2008. . Manio, Rodolfo. China: Strengthening Monetary Policy Implementation. 1 January 2007. Social Science Research Network. 23 April 2008 . Ruete, Javier. The Development of China’s Export Performance. 7 March 2006. Central Reserve Bank of Peru. 23 April 2008 .

The Importance of Cultural Diversity Within Organizations...

When discussion is raised in relation to diversity, society talks about the group who possess individual qualities that are diverse from other individual’s traits. Diversity is the uniqueness, which every employee brings to the workplace in an organization or establishment. Examples of differences include nationality, belief, disabilities, physical appearance, race, gender, age, educational background, sexual orientation, and work experience, social and family status. At the workplace, valuing diversity means creating a work environment that respects and includes various individuals, by maximizing the potential of all employees or in which every employee feels integrated within the organization. Cultural diversity means acknowledging that†¦show more content†¦37). An organization structured like this would be considered homogenous, where the entire workforce would all have similar traits, values, and beliefs. A positive element with a monolithic structure would be the conflict within the organization would be minimized due to the singular cultures within the organization. Monolithic structure does not benefit the workplace other than lack of conflict; it does not increase the possible innovation and creativity that multiple cultures could provide. Plenty of organizations have moved away from the monolithic structure into the second type of structure – a plural organization. A plural organization will give further consideration into hiring minorities, instead of continuing with the organizations ‘norms’ of hiring the majority. The plural organization has a more heterogeneous membership than the monolithic organization and takes steps to be more inclusive of persons from cultural backgrounds that differ from the dominant group†(Cox, 1991, p. 38). Being more heterogeneous, the organization is integrating other cultures, which helps reduce discrimination and prejudice. 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